24h-sampling urine
24-hour sampling urine
Photo: Fraunhofer IBMT
Particularly suitable matrix for human biomonitoring because chemicals and/or their metabolites excreted with urine have been in direct contact with the organism. Therefore, measurements in urine can give valid information regarding the internal human body burden.
The kidney is the main excreting organ for absorbed inorganic and organic xenobiotics. For essential elements the kidney is a regulatory organ. Via concentration analyses in urine exposures to xenobiotics can be observed. Likewise, this matrix provides valuable information about the individual health status.
For more information about the specimen, the sampling and the processing of samples see the Guideline for Sampling and Sample Processing 24h-Sampling Urine (2015) - IBMT.
For investigations in the years 2011 to 2014 you will find the regulations in Richtlinie zur Probenahme und Probenbearbeitung 24-h-Sammelurin (2011) - UKM.
Search data
Sampling area
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4 university cities as sampling areas.
Analytes
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Eighty percent of all elements on earth are metals
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Only eighteen elements in the periodic table
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Group of organic compounds with at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom
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Group of organic compounds with at least three condensed six-membered rings
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General-purpose plasticizers for PVC and other polymers
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Commercially important precursor of polymers like polycarbonates and epoxy resins
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Chemical agents against harmful organisms and for plant protection
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Class of non-ionic surfactants and their degradation products
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Preservatives in food and cosmetics
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Proctection for humans and products
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Fragrances are used in many different products
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Additional information for the interpretation of contamination data
Sampling period
1982 - 2021
Extended information
Literature
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The Environmental Specimen Bank for Human Tissues as part of the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Wiesmüller, G.A.; Eckard, R; Dobler, L.; Günsel, A.; Oganowski, M.; Schröter-Kermani, C.; Schlüter, C.; Gies, A.; Kemper, F. H.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 210 (2007), 3-4, 299-305, 2007
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Internal phthalate exposure over the last two decades – A retrospective human biomonitoring study
Wittassek, Matthias; Wiesmüller, Gerhard A.; Koch, Holger M.; Eckard, Rolf; Dobler, Lorenz; Helm, Dieter; Müller, Johannes; Angerer, Jürgen; Schlüter, Christoph
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 210 (2007), 3-4, 319-333, 2007
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Trends of the internal phthalate exposure of young adults in Germany - Follow-up of a retrospective human biomonitoring study
Göen, Thomas; Dobler, Lorenz; Koschorreck, Jan; Müller, Johannes; Wiesmüller, Gerhard A.; Drexler, Hans; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 215 (2011), 1, 36-45, 2011
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Phthalate metabolites in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) from 1988 to 2015 and a comparison with US NHANES data from 1999 to 2012
Koch, Holger M.; Rüther, Maria; Schütze, André; Conrad, André; Pälmke, Claudia; Apel, Petra; Brüning, Thomas, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (2016), online 9 November 2016, 2016
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Entering markets and bodies: increasing levels of the novel plasticizer Hexamoll® DINCH® in 24 hr urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Schütze, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Brüning, Thomas; Koch, Holger M.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (2013), online 16 August 2013, 2013
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Bis-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (DPHP) metabolites emerging in 24 hour urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (1999 to 2012)
Schütze, André; Gries, Wolfgang; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Leng, Gabriele; Brüning, Thomas; Koch, Holger M.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (2015), online 1 June 2015, 2015
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Parabens in 24 h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012
Moos, Rebecca K.; Koch, Holger M.; Angerer, Jürgen; Apel, Petra; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Brüning, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 218 (2015), 7, 666-674, 2015
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Daily intake and hazard index of parabens based upon 24 h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012
Moos, Rebecca K.; Apel, Petra; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Brüning, Thomas; Koch, Holger M.
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, online 30 November 2016, 2016
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Trends in characteristics of 24-h urine samples and their relevance for human biomonitoring studies – 20 years of experience in the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Lermen, Dominik; Bartel-Steinbach, Martina; Gwinner, Frederik; Conrad, André; Weber, Till; von Briesen, Hagen; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (2019), online 26 April 2019, 2019
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Internal exposure of young German adults to di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP): Trends in 24-h urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank 1999-2017
Schmidtkunz, Christoph; Gries, Wolfgang; Weber, Till; Leng, Gabriele; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (2019), online 14 February 2019, 2019
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Metabolites of the alkyl pyrrolidone solvents NMP and NEP in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1991 to 2014
Ulrich, Nadin; Bury, Daniel; Koch, Holger M.; Rüther, Maria; Weber, Till; Käfferlein, Heiko-Udo; Weiss, Tobias; Brüning, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Int Arch Occup Environ Health (2018); online 22 August 2018, 2018
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Biomonitoring of new contaminants: Sub-Project 2 – Screening of target and non-target contaminants in human blood and urine
Plaßmann, Merle; Brack, Werner; Krauss, Martin
Leipzig: Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung - UFZ, 2016. - 122, FKZ 3710622202, 2016
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Glyphosate in German adults - Time trend (2001 to 2015) of human exposure to a widely used herbicide
Conrad, André; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Hoppe, Hans-Wolfgang; Rüther, Maria; Pieper, Silvia; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 220 (2017), 1, 8-16; online 29 September 2016, 2016
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Discovering time-trends of the German populations exposure to contaminants by analysis of human samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB)
Göen, Thomas; Lermen, Dominik; Hildebrand, Jörg; Bartel-Steinbach, Martina; Weber, Till; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Toxicology Letters (2018), available online 12 June 2018, 2018
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Time trend of exposure to the phthalate plasticizer substitute DINCH in Germany from 1999 to 2017: Biomonitoring data on young adults from the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB)
Kasper-Sonnenberg, Monika; Koch, Holger M.; Apel, Petra; Rüther, Maria; Pälmke, Claudia; Brüning, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (2019), online 1 August 2019, 2019
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German Environmental Specimen Bank: 24-hour urine samples from 1999 to 2017 reveal rapid increase in exposure to the para-phthalate plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP)
Lessmann, Frederik; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Rüther, Maria; Pälmke, Claudia; Harth, Volker; Brüning, Thomas; Koch, Holger Martin
Environment International 132 (2019), 105102, 2019
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N-methylmalonamic acid (NMMA) as metabolite of methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 2000 to 2017 - exposure and time trends
Schettgen, Thomas; Rüther, Maria; Weber, Till; Kraus, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Chemosphere (2019), 125743; online 27 December 2019, 2019
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Time course of phthalate cumulative risks to male developmental health over a 27-year period: Biomonitoring samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Apel, Petra; Kortenkamp, Andreas; Koch, Holger M.; Vogel, Nina; Rüther, Maria; Kasper-Sonnenberg, Monika; Conrad, André; Brüning, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Environmental International 137 (2020), 105467; online 6 February 2020, 2020
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Biomonitoring data on young adults from the Environmental Specimen Bank suggest a decrease in the exposure to the fragrance chemical 7-hydroxycitronellal in Germany from 2000 to 2018
Pluym, Nikola; Petreanu, Wolf; Weber, Till; Scherer, Max; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 227 (2020), June 2020, 113508; online 12 March 2020, 2020
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Time trend of the exposure to geraniol in 24-h urine samples derived from the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 2004 to 2018
Pluym, Nikola; Stöckelhuber, Markus; Weber, Till; Scherer, Gerhard; Scherer, Max; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 239 (2021), 113880; online 10 November 2021, 2021
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Quantification of a mercapturate metabolite of the biocides methylisothiazolinone and chloromethylisothiazolinone (“M-12”) in human urine using online-SPE-LC/MS/MS
Schettgen, Thomas; Bertram, Jens; Kraus, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Analytical Methods 13 (2021), 1847-1856; online 16 March 2021, 2021
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Human biomonitoring in urine samples from the Environmental Specimen Bank reveals a decreasing trend over time in the exposure to the fragrance chemical lysmeral from 2000 to 2018
Scherer, Max; Petreanu, Wolf; Weber, Till; Scherer, Gerhard; Pluym, Nikola; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Chemosphere (2020), 128955; available online 12 November 2020, 2020
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A biomonitoring study assessing the exposure of young German adults to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
Schmidtkunz, Christoph; Küpper, Katja; Weber, Till; Leng, Gabriele; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 228 (2020), July 2020, 113541; online 5 May 2020, 2020
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Long-term monitoring of mercury in young German adults: Time trend analyses from the German Environmental Specimen Bank, 1995–2018
Bartel-Steinbach, Martina; Lermen, Dominik; Gwinner, Frederik; Schäfer, Moritz; Göen, Thomas; Conrad, André; Weber, Till; von Briesen, Hagen; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Environmental Research 207 (2022), 112592; online 31 December 2021, 2022