Common spruce
A major primary producer in semi-natural and anthropogenic affected ecosystems.
Its suitability as a specimen type for the Environmental Specimen Bank is founded on its economic and ecological significance, our considerable understanding of its ecology, population genetics, sensitivity and patterns of accumulation in relation to many hazardous substances.
The target organ is the one-year-old shoot which, when sampled in spring from February to late May before sprouting begins, presents a comprehensive picture of winter pollution in the environment, unlike the deciduous beech and poplar.
For more information about the specimen, the sampling and the processing of samples see the Guideline for Sampling and Sample Processing Norway Spruce (Picea abies) / Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris).
Recommended analysis examples
Search data
Target organs/Matrices
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one-year-old shoot
Sampling area
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The only high mountains national park in Germany and an area of the Limestone Alps with international relevance
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Important, old-industrialised conurbation in Germany.
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Main water divide between the North- and Baltic Sea
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Germany's first national park
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Region in the chemical triangle of Central Germany
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Germany's largest forest national park
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Second highest and largest low mountain range in Northern Germany
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Germany's largest connected forest area in a range of low mountains
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The Upper Bavarian Tertiary Uplands are a part of the Southern German Molasse Basin
Analytes
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Eighty percent of all elements on earth are metals
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Only eighteen elements in the periodic table
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Group of organic compounds with at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom
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Group of organic compounds with at least three condensed six-membered rings
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Organic compounds which are fully (per-) or partially (poly-) fluorinated
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Atoms of one element with different weights
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Flame retardants reduce the flammability of objects
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Salts of perchloric acid
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Additional information for the interpretation of contamination data
Sampling period
1985 - 2023
Biometric parameters
Extended information
Links to external information and legislation
Literature
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Bestimmung von Dioxinen, Furanen, dioxinähnlichen PCB und Indikator-PCB in Fichten- und Kieferntrieben aus der Umweltprobenbank des Bundes
Körner, Wolfgang; Schädel, Silke; Waller, Ulrich; Köhler, Jutta
Augsburg: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umweltschutz, 2005. - 51, 2005
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Retrospective Monitoring of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in Pine- and Spruce-Shoots - Results from the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Rappolder, Marianne; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Waller, Ulrich; Koerner, Wolfgang
Organohalogen Compounds 66 (2004), 1842 - 1847, 2004
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Temporal Trends and Spatial Distribution of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB in Pine and Spruce Shoots
Rappolder, Marianne; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Schädel, Silke; Waller, Ulrich; Körner, Wolfgang
Chemosphere 67 (2007), 9, 1887–1896, 2007